The sources

Chapter 5. What AI is Brilliant At

2 sources behind this chapter. Each one carries a note on what it is doing in the argument.

The chapter itself, for readers of the book

1. Divergent creativity in humans and large language models

   Bellemare-Pepin, A., Lespinasse, F., Tholke, P., Harel, Y., Mathewson, K., Olson, J. A., Bengio, Y. and Jerbi, K Scientific Reports, 21 January 2026

   The primary study behind the creativity comparison used in Chapters 5 and 16: some AI systems surpassed average human performance on the tested divergent-creativity tasks, while the most creative half and top 10% of human participants still outperformed every model tested. Karim Jerbi’s quoted interpretation in Chapter 16 comes from the separate Université de Montréal news release listed there.

   Open this source Read the original

   Bellemare-Pepin, A., Lespinasse, F., Tholke, P., Harel, Y., Mathewson, K., Olson, J. A., Bengio, Y. and Jerbi, K. 'Divergent creativity in humans and large language models.' Scientific Reports, 21 January 2026. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-25157-3. (Universite de Montreal-led collaboration with Concordia, Toronto Mississauga, Mila and Google DeepMind.)

All the sources, chapter by chapter